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Due to national security concerns, the use of geographic information in China is restricted to entities that obtain a special authorization from the administrative department for surveying and mapping under the State Council.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://en.nasg.gov.cn/article/Lawsandregulations/201312/20131200005471.shtml )〕 Consequences of the restriction include fines for unauthorized surveys, lack of geotagging information on many cameras when the GPS chip detects a location within China, incorrect alignment of street maps with satellite maps in various applications, and seeming unlawfulness of crowdsourced mapping efforts such as OpenStreetMap. == Legislation == According to articles 7, 26, 40 and 42 of the ''Surveying and Mapping Law of the People's Republic of China'', private surveying and mapping activities have been illegal in mainland China since 2002. The law prohibits Fines range from 10,000 to 500,000 ¥ ( - USD). Foreign individuals or organizations that wish to conduct surveying must form a Chinese-foreign joint venture.〔 Between 2006 and 2011, the authorities pursued nearly 40 illegal cases of mapping and surveying. The media has reported on other cases of unlawful surveys: * 2007 7 March - Japanese and Korea scholars fined; joint-venture Weihai hired foreign surveyors without approval from the government * 2008 25 March - China's State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping cracks down on some of the 10,000 websites that publish maps in China, most without authorization * 2009 6 January - Chinese authorities fine UK students for “illegal map-making activities” * 2010 - Chinese authorities to crack down on the unregistered or illegal among 42,000 online map providers, targeting incorrect information and leaks of sensitive information involving State secrets. New standards require all Internet map providers to keep servers storing map data inside China. * 2014 14 March - Coca-Cola is accused of illegal mapping. As a consequence, major digital camera manufacturers including Panasonic, Leica, FujiFilm, Nikon and Samsung restrict location information within China, potentially fearing lawsuits. OpenStreetMap, the crowdsourced project to assemble a map of the world, advises that "private surveying and mapping activities are illegal in China". 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Restrictions on geographic data in China」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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